构成英语句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子的各部分组成结构叫做句型结构。
英语句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。英语句子的基本成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
英语句子的各部分组成结构叫做句型结构。有主谓结构、主系表结构、主谓宾结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾补结构等。
句子成分：
1、主语: 句子要说明的人或事物。
例：The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
2、谓语（predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
注解：谓语也就是谓语动词充当，但谓语有很多种变体，因为它受到主语的影响，还有时态，主被动的变化，因此，同学们必须先会找出句子中的谓语。
3、表语（predicative）： 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
记忆窍门：保持感觉就是变态。（感觉就是感官动词，是就是be动词，还有表示变化的动词，保持就是表示维持一类的动词）
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
4、（1）动作的承受者—动宾
I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
（2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词—介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
(3） 双宾语—间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
5、补语
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor。（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
6、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（介词）
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
7、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
8、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
The fact [that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
句子结构：
1、主语+谓语。即构成一个最简单的句子。如：I dance.
2、主语+谓语+宾语。宾语，就是主语借助一个动作作用的一个对象。如：I hate him.
3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：I give him a book.
4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。如：I want you to go with me.
5、主语+系动词+表语。如：It smells good.
